Level 5 — Advanced · Structural & Academic Writing
Task 43: Writing a Paragraph That Flows
Write a short academic paragraph where each sentence hands its new information to the next as the following sentence's given topic — the writer's side of the given-to-new flow Lesson 43 taught for reading.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this task, you should be able to:
- Write a paragraph in which each sentence's new information becomes the next sentence's given topic (linear progression)
- Use at least one nominalization-based cohesion link, turning a previous sentence's verb into the next sentence's noun subject
- Close the paragraph with a qualification that a smoothly connected paragraph does not automatically earn
Introduction
Lesson 43 taught you to read a paragraph by tracking what each sentence takes as given and what it adds as new. Writing one is the same skill run in reverse: you have to plan, sentence by sentence, what information to hand forward so a reader never has to backtrack to find out what "this," "it," or "the improvement" is pointing at.
Given-to-New, for Writing
Core Concept
To build a paragraph a reader can follow without backtracking, open each new sentence with something the reader already knows (given), and close it with the one new fact you're adding (new). Chaining several sentences this way — new information in sentence one becoming the given topic of sentence two, and so on — produces linear progression, the easiest structure for a reader to follow at speed.
Example
Linear chain: The port introduced an automated berth-scheduling system. The system reduced the time vessels spent waiting outside the harbor. That reduction in waiting time allowed the port to handle more vessels per week. Each sentence's new information — automated scheduling, then reduced waiting time — becomes the next sentence's opening subject.
Your Turn
Your Turn
Write one paragraph (100-150 words) about an operational or workplace change, using linear progression: at least three sentences where each one's new information becomes the next sentence's given subject. Include one nominalization-based link (turning a previous sentence's verb into a noun, as Lesson 41 and Lesson 43 both taught). End the paragraph with a qualification — a word like "however" or "although" that limits how much credit the change alone can take for the result.
Vocabulary in Context
linear progressionnoun phrasetechnical
a paragraph pattern where each sentence's new information becomes the next sentence's given topic (ক্রমিক অগ্রগতি)
Often with linear progression, follow a linear progression, paragraph with linear progression
“In a paragraph with linear progression, each sentence's new information becomes the next sentence's topic.”
given informationnoun phrasetechnical
content already established earlier in the text, usually placed at the start of the next sentence (প্রদত্ত তথ্য)
Often with place given information first, given and new information, treat as given information
“Start a sentence with given information the reader already knows.”
qualificationnounformal
a statement that limits or narrows an earlier, broader claim (শর্তারোপ)
Often with add a qualification, important qualification, without qualification
“The final sentence adds a qualification limiting the claim to large terminals.”
Model Answer
Show a model answer
The terminal introduced a digital cargo-manifest system to replace paper records. The system allowed clerks to verify container contents in seconds rather than minutes. This faster verification shortened the average time each truck spent waiting at the gate. The shortened wait, in turn, let the terminal process a noticeably higher number of trucks per shift. However, this improvement was not entirely attributable to the manifest system alone, since the terminal had also added two extra gate lanes during the same period. Each sentence's new information — digital manifest system, faster verification, shortened wait — becomes the next sentence's opening subject, and the closing "however" keeps the paragraph from overclaiming a single cause.
Self-Check
Self-Check
- Does each sentence's new information genuinely become the next sentence's given subject, rather than just sitting nearby?
- Is at least one link built from a nominalization (a verb turned into a noun), not just a pronoun?
- Does the closing qualification limit the claim, rather than merely repeating it in different words?
- Could a reader follow the whole paragraph without ever backtracking to find out what a pronoun refers to?
Next: Writing 44 — Building a Paragraph's Argument: stating a claim, supporting it with real evidence rather than a single anecdote, and closing with a qualification that survives when the paragraph gets compressed to one sentence.